Last week, we told you
about the tragic fate of members of the People’s Mojahedin Organization
of Iran (PMOI/MEK) in Iraq. At the end of the last instalment, the MEK
had been granted protected person status under the Fourth Geneva
Convention and were under the protection of the US army until America
withdrew from Iraq in 2009.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?
The
responsibility for the unarmed MEK members in Iraq was transferred from
the US to the Iraqi government, but the MEK (and various legal experts
and NGOs) opposed this and believed that they would be in danger if the
US left them under Iraqi control. Their reasoning was that Iraqi Prime
Minister Nouri al-Maliki was working on behalf of the Iranian Regime,
who were keeping him in power.
The
US dismissed this because they had written assurances from the Iraqi
government that the MEK would be treated in accordance with Iraq’s
Constitution, laws, and international obligations. However, it turned
out that the MEK was right.
Since the US left, 116 MEK members were killed by Iraqi forces and over 1,300 injured.
Despite
the violations of human rights, international law, and the 2004
agreement between the US and the MEK, there has been no independent
investigation of these crimes and no one was brought to justice.
WHAT DID THE IRAQI FORCES DO?
Before the violence began, the Iraqi government began to cut the MEK off from the outside world.
They
banned all visits to the MEK by NGOs, diplomats, and parliamentarians,
whilst increasing ‘security’ around the camp to make sure that Iraq
could control who came and went.
Then,
they banned deliveries of essentials (food, fuel, water, medical
supplies), everyday items (light bulbs, paper), and repair equipment for
the MEK’s infrastructure in Ashraf.
Following
that, they subjected the MEK to intimidation by placing 300
loudspeakers around the camp to blared threats and insults at all times
of the day.
Tahar
Boumedra, former Chief of the Human Rights Office of the United Nations
Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), monitored the MEK camp from
2009-2012.
He
said: “The fundamental rights of these exiles [the MEK] – humane living
conditions, access to justice, humanitarian necessities including
medical services for the ill and wounded, and freedom from threats of
physical harm – have been repeatedly denied by the Iraqi government at
the direction of the Prime Minister’s office.”
Then, the Iraqi forces launched three massive violent assaults against the MEK.
In July 2009, mere weeks after the US withdrew, the Iraqi forces attacked the MEK, murdering 13 people and wounding many more.
In
April 2011, the Iraqi forces attempted to enter Ashraf without
permission and were met with a human barricade. The Iraqi forces
attacked with sound and smoke grenades and tear gas, opened fire on the
crowds, drove HUMVEEs into the crowds, and even sent snipers after those
who filmed it. That day, 36 MEK members were killed and 318 wounded.
In
September 2013, 52 MEK members were killed by armed men in protective
gear. According to a UN report, some victims even had their hands tied
behind their backs.
In
response to this, the international community sent in Special
Representative for Iraq and the Head of UNAMI, Martin Kobler, but rather
than advocate for the rights of the MEK and hold the Iraqi government
to task, Kobler arranged that the MEK be moved to Camp Liberty on a
temporary basis. He failed to enshrine protections for them in the
agreement and as a result this is not the end of the MEK’s troubles in
Iran.
The final piece, charting the MEK’s relocation to Camp Liberty and eventually to freedom in Europe, will be available tomorrow.
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